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Data Analysis function can be either a group function or a window function.
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T-SQL Supports 3 clauses that allow define multiple grouping sets.These operators can generate the same result set as when you use UNION ALL to combine single grouping queries.Here and here are the Details.
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ROLLUP
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CUBE
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Grouping Sets
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Rollup is used where hierarchy is formed in the input columns like for Country,Region,city.
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Grouping
Grouping_ID
Excepts one input and returns 0 if element is in grouping set else 1
Excepts lists of columns as input and return a integer representing bitmap.
GROUPING is used to distinguish the null values that are returned by ROLLUP, CUBE or GROUPING SETS from standard null values.
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178544.aspx
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb510624.aspx
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